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December 2013

Volume 12, Issue 1 (partial)

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Astro 101 Students' Perceptions of Science: Results from the Thinking About Science Survey Instrument

Colin S. Wallace, Edward E. Prather, and Benjamin M. Mendelsohn

2013, AER, 12 (1), 010101, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2012042

Online Publication Date: 15 February 2013

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What are the underlying worldviews and beliefs about the role of science in society held by students enrolled in a college-level, general education, introductory astronomy course (Astro 101)—and are those beliefs affected by active engagement instruction shown to significantly increase students' conceptual knowledge and reasoning abilities related to astronomy? To help answer this question, we administered Cobern's (Cobern 2001) Thinking About Science Survey Instrument (TSSI) to an Astro 101 class in the spring 2011. The TSSI probes students' beliefs about the relationship between science and many aspects of contemporary society. In this paper, we analyze the 442 pre-instruction and 294 post-instruction student responses we received to the TSSI. Many students select responses to the TSSI's items indicating they have positive views about the role of science in society. We also see a slight increase in the number of positive responses pre- to post-instruction. While there are limitations to the inferences one can draw from responses to a Likert scale survey such as the TSSI, this work nevertheless provides an important first step in a larger project to understand and affect the worldviews of general education, introductory astronomy students. To better interpret the significance of these results, we conclude by comparing the TSSI data to preliminary data from a related study in which we collected students' written responses to a series of provocative, open-ended prompts on the relationship between science and society.
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01.40.-d Education
01.75.+m Science and society
01.40.Fk Research in physics education

Investigating Student Ideas about Cosmology I: Distances and Structure

Kim Coble, Carmen T. Camarillo, Laura E. Trouille, Janelle M. Bailey, Geraldine L. Cochran, Melissa D. Nickerson, and Lynn R. Cominsky

2013, AER, 12 (1), 010102, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2012038

Online Publication Date: 03 June 2013

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Recently, powerful new observations and advances in computation and visualization have led to a revolution in our understanding of the structure of the Universe. As the field of cosmology advances, it is of interest to study how student ideas relate to scientific understanding. In this paper, we examine in-depth undergraduate students' ideas on distances and structure in the Universe as students progress through a general education astronomy integrated lecture and laboratory course with a focus on active learning. The study was conducted over five semesters at an urban, minority-serving institution. The data collected include individual interviews (N = 15) and course artifacts (N ∼ 60), such as precourse homework essays, prelab surveys, and midterm and final exam questions in a variety of formats. We find that students are fairly successful at tasks involving relative distances, but struggle with absolute distances; have difficulty going beyond an elementary model of the Solar System as the Sun and planets; struggle to visualize galactic halos; but successfully increase their understanding of the hierarchical nature of structure in the Universe throughout the semester.
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01.40.-d Education
98.80.-k Cosmology
01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus

Increasing Student Participation in Online Group Discussions Via Facebook

Scott T. Miller

2013, AER, 12 (1), 010103, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2012031

Online Publication Date: 03 June 2013

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A comparison study between two different methods of conducting online discussions in an introductory astronomy course was performed to determine if the use of Facebook as an online discussion tool has an impact on student participation as well as student response time. This study shows that students using Facebook for their online discussions participated more frequently and responded more quickly than students using a traditional online discussion forum.
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01.50.ht Instructional computer use
95.00.00 Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics; instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations

The Effect of Color Choice on Learner Interpretation of a Cosmology Visualization

Zoë Buck

2013, AER, 12 (1), 010104, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2012032

Online Publication Date: 05 June 2013

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As we turn more and more to high-end computing to understand the Universe at cosmological scales, dynamic visualizations of simulations will take on a vital role as perceptual and cognitive tools. In collaboration with the Adler Planetarium and University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center (UC-HiPACC), I am interested in better understanding the use of visualizations to mediate astronomy learning across formal and informal settings. In this research, I use quantitative methods to investigate how 122 post-secondary learners are relying on color to interpret dark matter in a cosmology visualization. The concept of dark matter is vital to our current understanding of the Universe, yet we do not know how to effectively present dark matter visually to support learning. I employ an alternative treatment post-test only experimental design, in which members of an equivalent sample are randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, followed by treatment and a post-test. Results indicate a significant relationship between the color of dark matter in the visualization and survey responses, implying that aesthetic variations like color can have a profound effect on audience interpretation of a dynamic cosmology visualization.
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01.50.ht Instructional computer use
01.50.fh Posters, cartoons, art, etc.
98.80.-k Cosmology

Informal Science Educators' Pedagogical Choices and Goals for Learners: The Case of Planetarium Professionals

Julia D. Plummer and Kim J. Small

2013, AER, 12 (1), 010105, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2013004

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2013

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This study extends our understanding of the goals, beliefs, and pedagogical choices made by planetarium professionals. Interviews were conducted with planetarium professionals (N = 36) to assess their goals for audiences and beliefs about the design of the learning environment. Classification of participants, according to a six-facet framework on effective learning environment design, suggests a range of perspectives on the design of the learning environment that primarily include learner-centered, motivationally-oriented, socioculturally-centered, and physically-oriented perspectives. Results also point to the importance of considering increased opportunities for professionalism in the field of planetarium education.
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95.55.-n Astronomical and space-research instrumentation
01.40.-d Education
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