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September 2003

Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 1-205

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Accessible Universe: Making Astronomy Accessible to All in the Regular Elementary Classroom

C. A. Grady, N. Farley, E. Zamboni, F. Avery, B. Clark, N. Geiger, and B. Woodgate

2003, AER, 2 (2), 1, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003014

Online Publication Date: 10 October 2003

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Astronomy is one of the most approachable of the sciences and enjoys tremendous popular interest, beginning at the elementary level and continuing on through college and in the popular media. Space-related topics are some of the most popular science topics in the elementary grades and can serve as a springboard to other sciences, mathematics, technology, and reading for the typical student. Not all students are typical: 10% of American students are identified as having disabilities affecting their education sufficiently that they receive special education services, with perhaps an additional 10% less severely affected. At the elementary level, these students usually receive their science education in comprehensive (mixed-ability) classrooms. Budgetary limitations for most school systems have meant that, for the bulk of these children, individualized accommodations and adaptations for science instruction are not readily available. We have piloted a suite of curriculum materials, modified activities, and instructional strategies, incorporating both Web-based astronomy resources and assistive technology to more effectively teach astronomy to children with disabilities in the elementary regular education classroom.
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
01.40.eg Elementary school
96.00.00 Solar system; planetology
01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
01.50.H- Computers in education

A Review of Astronomy Education Research

Janelle M. Bailey and Timothy F. Slater

2003, AER, 2 (2), 20, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003015 | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 20 October 2003

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The field of astronomy education is rapidly growing beyond merely sharing effective activities or curriculum ideas. This paper categorizes and summarizes the literature in astronomy education research and contains more than 100 references to articles, books, and Web-based materials. Research into student understanding on a variety of topics now occupies a large part of the literature. Topics include the shape of Earth and gravity, lunar phases, seasons, astrobiology, and cosmology. The effectiveness of instructional methods is now being tested systematically, taking data beyond the anecdotal with powerful research designs and statistical analyses. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches have found their places in the researcher’s toolbox. In all cases, the connection between the research performed and its effect on classroom instruction is largely lacking.
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01.40.-d Education
01.40.Fk Research in physics education

Goals for “Astro 101:” Report on Workshops for Department Leaders

Bruce Partridge and George Greenstein

2003, AER, 2 (2), 46, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003016

Online Publication Date: 31 October 2003

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Roughly 10% of all U.S. college students take an introductory astronomy course while in college. The vast majority of these students are not science majors, and this course often represents the only college-level science these undergraduates will ever encounter. The challenges posed by these courses were recently discussed at two workshops for chairs and other department leaders from selected research universities. Here we report on a set of goals for such courses formulated by the participants, and list some strategies to help accomplish them. The Executive Summary (section I) provides a brief description of the workshops and a list of goals for “Astro 101” endorsed by all participants at the meetings. Section II is a longer report on the structure and organization of the meetings, and a detailed presentation of the set of goals and strategies developed there. It provides illustrative examples of how the goals might be met in an Astro 101 course. This section was prepared by two of the participants in the meetings, Bruce Partridge and George Greenstein, and reflects their views, not necessarily those of all participants.

Learning About the Earth’s Shape and Gravity: A Guide for Teachers and Curriculum Developers

Lori Agan and Cary Sneider

2003, AER, 2 (2), 90, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003017 | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 02 April 2003

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The scientific model of the Earth in space—consisting of the spherical Earth and gravity concepts—is one of the first models that children encounter in their science classes. Children’s understanding of these concepts is essential for further conceptual development in astronomy. This article provides a thorough review of educational research concerning children’s development of Earth shape and gravity concepts in the context of national standards and the history of science. Based on this review, the authors recommend instructional approaches at appropriate grade levels to enable students to fully grasp these fundamental concepts.
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Using Asteroid Scale Models in Space Science Education for Blind and Visually Impaired Students

Bernhard Beck-Winchatz and Steven J. Ostro

2003, AER, 2 (2), 118, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003018 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 25 September 2003

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A major obstacle confronting blind and visually impaired students in their science education is the inaccessibility to graphical materials that are critically instructive and abundantly available to sighted students. The use of three-dimensional models can effectively address this problem. Specifically, this article discusses how scale models of near-Earth asteroids can be used to teach space science to blind and visually impaired students. The models, published in the peer-reviewed literature and in almost every case based on radar observations, are developed with a rapid prototyping process. With these models, many of the recent exciting discoveries about near-Earth asteroids suddenly are directly accessible to blind and visually impaired people. Recent research has shown that many sighted students also learn better when their haptic sense is engaged.

Patrick O’Brian’s Astronomy

George S. Mumford

2003, AER, 2 (2), 127, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003019

Online Publication Date: 25 November 2003

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With the opening in the fall of 2003 of the 20th Century Fox motion picture Master and CommanderThe Far Side of the World, starring Russell Crowe as Captain Jack Aubrey and Paul Belany as Jack’s friend and colleague Stephen Maturin, a new generation will be introduced to the maritime novels of the late Patrick O’Brian. Here we explore some possibilities of using parts of these stories to foster student interest in astronomy and to introduce some of the astronomical and other resources on the Internet. This material consists of three major sections. The first describes a number of scenes in the O’Brian books that contain astronomical references, and provides links to sites that contain additional information about the topics mentioned briefly in the novels. These links cover a wide range of topics: definitions of astronomical terms, certain mathematical expressions, geography, historical background, and more. The links are suitable for readers with differing levels of astronomical and general knowledge, though for certain groups, a teacher’s support will be necessary. Brief quotations from the novels illustrate that O’Brian was attuned to the state of astronomy in the early 1800s. The astronomy in O’Brian’s books enters in a number of ways: off-hand remarks, discussions among the characters, mentions of lunar phases, and descriptions of the night sky, including planetary appearances. The second section of the paper shows, through examples based on the novels, how to use freeware to analyze some descriptions of the sky to see if such a configuration actually occurred at the time mentioned, and to determine a possible range of dates during which a particular incident might have taken place. Was Patrick O’Brian writing about a real or fictional world when he created these descriptions? The third section of the text gives several problems drawn from situations in the novels that can be worked out with the techniques described in the second section of this paper. Answers are provided. These problems are best suited to more advanced students who already have a good understanding of such basic astronomical concepts as coordinates and time.
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01.40.ek Secondary school
01.40.-d Education
01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
01.30.-y Physics literature and publications
01.75.+m Science and society
96.00.00 Solar system; planetology
01.50.H- Computers in education

Teaching the Scientific Method in Introductory Astronomy

Michael C. LoPresto

2003, AER, 2 (2), 138, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003020

Online Publication Date: 05 December 2003

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An important goal for many instructors of introductory astronomy courses for nonscience majors is exposing students to the methods and process of science. This article describes a method for using the concepts of astronomy to demonstrate the scientific process at the beginning of an introductory astronomy course so that students will be able to use the process throughout the rest of the course.

Daytime Astronomy in the Northern Hemisphere Using Shadows

Eric Jackson

2003, AER, 2 (2), 146, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003021 | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 14 January 2004

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This brief article describes a method for teaching astronomy that was developed in New Zealand. Children observe and record the movement of their own shadows at regular intervals throughout the day and continue with a series of activities that can be extended throughout the year. This activity, which both children and teachers find fascinating, requires minimal equipment and is suitable for schools with very limited funding. This contribution describes the experiments and how they can be adapted for use in the northern hemisphere.
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01.40.eg Elementary school
01.40.-d Education
01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
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Dealing with Astrology, UFOs, and Faces on Other Worlds: A Guide to Addressing Astronomical Pseudoscience in the Classroom

Andrew Fraknoi

2003, AER, 2 (2), 150, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003022

Online Publication Date: 28 October 2003

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Increasing media and student interest in pseudoscience topics such as alien abductions, crop circles, and creationism is forcing astronomy instructors to confront questions for which their graduate training has not prepared them. Yet students have a right to hear a more considered response to their questions in these areas than mere scoffing from those who teach them science. To assist instructors who want to help their students develop better critical thinking skills related to astronomical pseudoscience, a range of ideas and resources is listed in this guide.
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01.40.ek Secondary school
01.70.+w Philosophy of science
01.40.-d Education
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What Should Students Learn? Stellar Magnitudes?

Jay M. Pasachoff

2003, AER, 2 (2), 162, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003023

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2003

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One of the perennial questions for teachers of astronomy survey courses is whether to use the magnitude system in general use by amateur and professional astronomers, or whether to give all star brightnesses in powers-of-ten notation. The problem goes to the goals of the course and to the philosophy of history, liaison with others, and course content held by the professor. It also leads to discussions of the mathematical and conceptual levels intended.

First-Year College Students’ Ideas About Astronomy: A Pilot Study

Glenn Simonelli and Catherine A. Pilachowski

2003, AER, 2 (2), 166, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003024 | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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Book Review—Mirror, Mirror: A History of the Human Love Affair with Reflection by Mark Pendergrast

Sidney C. Wolff, Reviewer

2003, AER, 2 (2), 174, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003025

Online Publication Date: 06 January 2009

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.-d Education
01.30.Vv Book reviews
01.30.Os Books of general interest to physics teachers

Book Review—Max Goes to the Moon: A Science Adventure with Max the Dog by Jeffrey Bennett

Sidney C. Wolff, Reviewer

2003, AER, 2 (2), 176, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003026

Online Publication Date: 06 January 2009

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.eg Elementary school
96.00.00 Solar system; planetology
01.30.-y Physics literature and publications
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Is Content All That Important?

Jeffrey J. Sudol

2003, AER, 2 (2), 186, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003027 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 08 December 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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The Latin-American Journal of Astronomy Education (RELEA) Launched

2003, AER, 2 (2), 200, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003028

Online Publication Date: 06 January 2009

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.-d Education
89.20.Hh World Wide Web, Internet
01.30.Xx Publications in electronic media

Build a Sundial and Join the Worldwide EarthDial Project

Woody Sullivan

2003, AER, 2 (2), 202, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003029

Online Publication Date: 05 December 2003

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.ek Secondary school
96.00.00 Solar system; planetology
01.50.H- Computers in education
01.40.-d Education
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VIRUS WARNING TO AER READERS

2003, AER, 2 (2), 205, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2003030

Online Publication Date: 06 January 2009

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.-d Education
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